Sustained-Release Plus (SR+) Technology: Reactive Synergies resulting from Permanganate in combination with Persulfate for Passive Contaminant Treatment
Complex organic contaminant mixtures (e.g., gasoline, jet fuel, chlorinated solvents, and solvent stabilizers) are routinely co-disposed at hazardous waste sites and commonly found at many if not most sites. A series of bench-scale oxidation experiments were performed to 1) understand the release rates of blends of permanganate and persulfate from sustained-release cylinders, 2) determine the persistence of oxidants in site soil and groundwater, 3) determine the kinetic rate of 1,4 dioxane and mixtures of chlorinated ethene and ethane degradation, and 4) conduct proof of concept degradation tests with emerging and recalcitrant contaminants of concern (e.g., perfluoralkyl compounds, 1,1,1 TCA, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane). Experiments were conducted in aquifer materials to evaluate natural activation mechanisms and reactive synergies resulting from mixtures of permanganate and unactivated persulfate. Second-order kinetic coefficients were calculated and a minimum contact time was determined to ensure complete contaminant degradation of contaminant mixtures. Finally, the release of the blended oxidants from slow release cylinders was evaluated from 3-inch sections in a series of 1-D column experiments. Results from these experiments demonstrate that SR+ was able to remove >99% of 1,4 dioxane and mixtures of contaminants. Laboratory experiments and an engineering design tool were used to design a remedial plan where a co-mingled plume was present. Results of laboratory and pilot-scale field test Read More >>